India has a rich history of geniuses and scientists whose work has been highly appreciated across the globe. Some of our Indian scientists have created history by changing the world and setting benchmarks of innovation. In our country, great mathematicians and scientists like Aryabhata have been born who invented zero and introduced the world to the knowledge of the number for the first time. Here, we have created a list of 11 remarkable Indian scientists and their wonderful contributions. Let’s take a look at how they changed the world as we know it!
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Dr. C V Raman was not only a great scientist but also believed in social development. Born in Tiruchirapalli on November 7, 1888, he was the first Asian to win Nobel prize in Physics for his pioneering work on scattering of light in 1930.
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He discovered that, when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes in wavelength. This phenomenon is now called the Raman scattering and is the result of the Raman effect. Raman also worked on the acoustics of musical instruments. He was the first to investigate the harmonic nature of the sound of the Indian drums such as the tabla and the mridangam. He died of natural causes on 21 November 1970 in the gardens of his institute (the Raman Research Institute in Bangalore).
Born in Mymensingh, Jagadish Chandra Bose was a man of many talents. He was a polymath, physicist, biologist, archaeologist and early writer of science fiction. He was the first person to use semiconductor junctions to detect radio signals, thus demonstrating wireless communication for the first time.
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His invention ‘Crescograph’ helped him prove that plants are living entity by detecting very small motions within its tissues. In his lifetime, his other major contributions were in physics, and archaeology. He was the first Indian to be elected as a fellow of the royal society in 1920.
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Shrinivasa Ramanujan is one among the greatest mathematical geniuses of India. Without any formal training he had contributed to many mathematical fields, such as number theory, infinite series, complex analysis and continued fractions. Ramanujan’s knowledge of mathematics was startling.
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Early in the 20th century, he developed an exceptionally efficient ways of calculating pi that were later incorporated into computer algorithms. It was one of his most celebrated findings. His birth anniversary is celebrated as national mathematics day every year.
Homi Jehangir Bhabha is most commonly referred to as the Father of the Indian Nuclear Program. He was born on October 30, 1909, to an illustrious family. He was related to the famous industrialist Dorabji Tata, who was his uncle, and a crucial figure in helping to expand and grow Tata Groups.
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In 1948, he became the first chairperson of the atomic energy commission of India. He played a key role in convincing the Nehru Govt to start India’s Nuclear Programme.
He was the founding director of two institutions – Bhabha Atomic Research Centre and Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), both of which led to immense growth and development in the field of research. In 1954, he was honoured with the Padma Bhushan for his invaluable contributions to science and engineering.
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Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya was born into a Telugu Brahmin family in a village near Bangalore, India. He is known around the world for his contribution in harnessing water resources. And also responsible for the building and consolidation of dams across the country. He is also credited for Block System invention that was used in the conditions of overflow.
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For his relentless contribution to the society he was awarded Bharat Ratna in 1955. Some of his inventions are still considered as engineering marvels. He was also awarded the British knighthood by King George V, and hence has the honorific "sir". His birthday is celebrated as engineer’s day in India every year.
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar was an Indian-American astrophysicist born in Lahore, Punjab. He was known to the world as ‘Chandra’ which means ‘moon’. He was best known for his mathematical treatment of stellar evolution. And particularly on the later evolutionary stages of massive stars and the calculation of the Chandrasekhar limit.
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S. Chandrashekhar was awarded Nobel prize in Physics for his mathematical Theory on black holes. His most celebrated work is on the radiation of energy from stars. Named after him, the Chandrasekhar limit defines the maximum mass of a stable white dwarf star.
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Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen (APJ) Abdul Kalam was one of the very rare ones scientists of India. A poet, motivator, leader, teacher, missile man—the world knows him by many names. He served as the President of India from 2007-2011 and was awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1997 for his contributions in the field of science and engineering.
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Dr. Kalam started his career by designing a small helicopter for the Indian Army. Kalam was also part of the INCOSPAR committee working under Vikram Sarabhai, the renowned space scientist. In 1969, he was transferred to the ISRO where he developed the Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV 3) at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, which put the satellite Rohini into orbit. He also became the director of two projects - Project Devil and Project Valiant after the success of the SLV programme in 1970.
After working for two decades in ISRO, Dr. Kalam was appointed as the CEO of IGMDP (Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme). He was the Scientific Adviser to the defence minister.
He also supervised the multiple nuclear tests carried out at Pokhran in 1998 and made India a nuclear weapon state. In 1994, Dr. Kalam collaborated in designing a cost-effective coronary stent called as 'Kalam-Raju-Stent' that made healthcare accessible for all. From light combat aircrafts to rugged tablet computer, he contributed in every part for country’s’ welfare.
Dr kalam, born on October 15, 1931 left millions of people in shock as his soul departed on July 28, 2015. His personal journey has been a source of motivation to all students who want to be successful.
Dr. Vikram Sarabhai was the key person behind the launch of India’s first satellite ‘Aryabhatta’. He is widely regarded as the Father of the Indian space program. His studies made it evident that the cosmic rays are a flow of energy particles with its source in outer space. He initiated space research and helped to develop nuclear power in India.
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He also established the Community Science Center, with an objective to spread scientific knowledge, to create interest in science and to promote experimentation among students, teachers and the general public. The establishment of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was one of his greatest achievements. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1966 and the Padma Vubhushan after his death in 1972.
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Prafulla Chandra Ray was one of the greatest Chemist of India. He was the founder of India's first pharmaceutical company, Bengal Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals. He was awarded the Hope Prize for his thesis and research on 'Conjugated Sulfate of Copper Magnesium Group: A Study of Isomorphs Mixtures and Molecular Combinations.'
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Soon after finishing his doctorate, he became a professor at the Presidency College in Calcutta. There he was awarded to the Presidency University in honor of Acharya Prafulla Chandra Ray.
Satyendra Nath Bose was a famous theoretical physicist who hailed from Calcutta, West Bengal. He is best known for his work on quantum mechanics in the early 1920s, and working with Albert Einstein on the Bose-Einstein Condensate and as namesake of the boson, or “God particle.”
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In 1954, the Indian government honoured Bose with the title Padma Vibhushan and awarded the second-highest civilian award in India. Five years later, he was appointed as the National Professor, the highest honour in the country for a scholar.
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Apart from these extraordinary names, we cannot overlook the contributions of other Indian eminent Indian Scientists like Meoseghnad Saha, Har Govind Khurana, Salim Lal and others.
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